关键词:

夏闲期覆盖,

周年覆盖,

旱地冬小麦,

产量,

经济效益,

温室气体排放强度

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to clarify the effects of different mulching periods (mulching during the summer fallow and the year-round mulching) and different mulching practices (ridge-furrow plastic mulching, whole field plastic mulching and straw mulching) on winter wheat yield, economic return and greenhouse gas emissions in dryland. 【Method】 The experiment was carried out from 2017 to 2019 in Yongshou Country, Shaanxi Province, which was a typical rainfed farming area of the Loess Plateau. The split plot design was employed with main plot of different mulching periods (mulching during the summer fallow and mulching over the year), and sub-plot of different mulching practices (ridge-furrow plastic mulching, whole field plastic mulching and straw mulching). Wheat yield, soil water storage and evapotranspiration during the winter wheat growing season and water use efficiency, economic profit and greenhouse gas emission intensity were analyzed. 【Result】 Compare to mulching practices during the summer fallow, the average yield of year-round mulching practices was increased by 9.5%. The average yield of annual straw mulching was 622 kg·hm-2 higher than that of annual ridge-furrow plastic mulching, but there was no significant difference between the year-round straw mulching and year-round plastic film mulching. Compare to mulching practices during the summer fallow, the year-round mulching practices increased the evapotranspiration during the winter wheat growing season and water use efficiency by 5.6% and 4.0%, respectively. Compared to mulching practices during the summer fallow, the year-round mulching practices significantly increased the economic return of winter wheat by 17.8%, and the average net economic return was straw mulching>plastic film mulching>ridge-furrow plastic mulching among the year-round mulching practices. Moreover, compared to mulching practices during the summer fallow, the average greenhouse gas emission intensity of year-round mulching practices decreased of 11.0%, and the difference was significant. The lowest greenhouse gas emission intensity was in annual straw mulching. 【Conclusion】 Compared to mulching practices during the summer fallow, the year-round mulching practices could improve water use efficiency and evapotranspiration during the winter wheat growing season, thus improving the yield and economic returns of winter wheat, while reducing the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions. In all practices, the annual straw mulching had the best economic return and the lowest intensity of greenhouse gas emissions, which was suitable for popularization and application in dryland winter wheat production areas.

Key words:

mulching during the summer fallow,

the year-round mulching,

dryland winter wheat,

yield,

economic return,

the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions